The difference between game trees and decision trees is

Question 1

The difference between game trees and decision trees is:

Select one:

A. that game trees are not useful in strategic situations

B. that decision trees describe actions that depend on the behavior of rivals

C. that game trees have interactive payoffs

D. that decision trees are a function of many individuals and the state of nature

E. none of the above

Question 2

If a firm has a dominant strategy:

Select one:

A. its optimal strategy depends on the play of rivals

B. its optimal strategy is always the same, even if payoffs change

C. it is determined by the behavior of only one key rival

D. it receives the same profits regardless of the strategy of rivals

E. its optimal strategy is independent of the play of rivals

Question 3

A Nash equilibrium occurs when:

Select one:

A. each player has a dominant strategy

B. each player receives the same final payoff

C. each player believes it is doing the best it can given the behavior of rivals

D. there is no dominant strategy for any player

E. payoffs are independent of the actions taken by rivals

Question 4

If player 1 has a dominant strategy, then player 2:

Select one:

A. must also have a dominant strategy

B. may or may not have a dominant strategy, but will always lead to a Nash equilibrium

C. may or may not have a dominant strategy

D. will not be able to reach an optimal solution to the game

E. will block this dominant strategy and force player 1 to another strategy

Question 5

Getting to a Nash equilibrium requires:

Select one:

A. each knowing the opponent’s payoffs and cooperation

B. knowing the opponent’s payoffs but not cooperation

C. cooperation but not knowing the opponent’s payoffs

D. neither cooperation nor knowing the opponent’s payoffs

E. either cooperation or knowing the opponent’s payoffs, depending on the game

Question 6

Given the following payoff matrix, who has a dominant strategy?

Select one:

A. it depends on what the other player does

B. both players

C. neither player

D. A does; B doesn’t

E. B does; A doesn’t

Question 7

Given the following payoff matrix, what will A‘s profits be?

Select one:

A. 1

B. 2

C. 3

D. 4

E. unknown until B‘s action is observed

Question 8

Which pair of strategies would cooperative cartel members A and B choose given this payoff matrix?

Select one:

A. W, Y

B. W, Z

C. X, Y

D. X, Z

E. either X,Y or W, Z

Question 9

Which pair of strategies would competing firms A and B choose given this payoff matrix?

Select one:

A. W, Y

B. W, Z

C. X, Y

D. X, Z

E. Either X, Y or W, Z

Question 10

Strategic foresight is the ability to make decisions today that are rational based on:

Select one:

A. complete uncertainty about the future

B. our best information about what will happen in the future

C. what we know only about behavior in the past

D. information that we have only about our own behavior in the past

E. incorrect information about the past

Question 11

A subjective definition of probability is:

Select one:

A. a weighted average of different peoples’ degrees of certainty of an event’s occurring

B. a theoretical probability distribution

C. a person’s degree of certainty of an event’s occurring

D. an expected value of a particular outcome

E. the number of occurrences of an event in a large number of repetitions of an experiment

Question 12

You pay $3.75 to roll a normal die 1 time. You get $1 for each dot that turns up. Your expected profit from this venture is:

Select one:

A. -$0.75

B. -$0.25

C. $0.25

D. $3.00

E. $3.50

Question 13

Billy Joe Bob thinks he will win $3 with probability P, otherwise he will win $11. His expected payoff is:

Select one:

A. $3 + $8P

B. $11 – $8P

C. $7

D. $3 + $11P

E. $11 – $3P

Question 14

Betty Gamble is willing to pay exactly, but not more than, $20 to get a deal where she has a 1/3 chance of winning $30 and a 1/6 chance of winning $6 and will win $20 otherwise. Betty is:

Select one:

A. risk-averse and profit maximizing

B. risk-averse, not profit maximizing

C. risk loving and profit maximizing

D. risk loving, not profit maximizing

E. risk-neutral

Question 15

A company chooses one of four options; then nature decides whether the choice works. If it does not work, the company has two updating options, each with three possible payoffs. How many decision forks are on the tree depicting this?

Select one:

A. 5

B. 12

C. 17

D. 28

E. 36