8 responses for topic 4 @75 words each

DQ1

1) J.W

Re: Topic 4 DQ 1

Professor and class,

There are various similarities and differences between sexual and asexual reproduction. Both processes are a form of reproduction, produce offspring, and occur in both plants and animals (some are asexual while others are sexual). Organisms which go through asexual reproduction produce offspring which are genetically identical to the parent organism. Organisms which go through sexual reproduction produce offspring which are genetically unique to the parent, this helps in the evolution of the species as some organisms will develop traits which would allow them to survive environmental conditions. (Youreka and iBiology, 2017) Organisms which are identical to the parent run a higher risk of the elimination of a large portion of their species due to environmental conditions, an example of this is bacteria which have invaded an organism and is killed by a particular antibiotic.

Asexual reproduction involves a single parent and is found in all prokaryotes and some eukaryotes. This process of reproduction may occur by binary fission, fragmentation, or budding. (Biology, 2020) Binary fission involves the splitting of a parent cell into two identical daughter cells for example, bacteria. Fragmentation occurs when the parent organism breaks into fragments to form a new organism, for example the starfish. Lastly, budding occurs when the parent cell forms a bubble-like bud which remains attached to the parent until it has developed. This bud, when mature, eventually breaks away and forms a new organism, for example, yeast. Asexual reproduction occurs quickly and uses less energy to occur. This helps the species to increase its population faster than those which do no experience asexual reproduction.

Sexual reproduction, on the contrary, involves two parents and these parents produce gametes (reproductive cells) which combine(fertilization) to form an offspring (zygote). Organisms that sexually reproduce go through meiosis (cell division). In this process, four daughter cells are produced each with half the number of chromosomes (haploid), as the parent cells (diploid). The process of sexual reproduction takes longer and requires more energy than its counterpart, asexual reproduction. (Youreka and iBiology, 2017) It is also a more precarious process and it not guaranteed to always be successful.

Kindly, 

References:

LibreTexts (2020, August 15) Biology. Asexual Vs. Sexual Reproduction. Retrieved from https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Book:_Introductory_Biology_(CK-12)/02:_Cell_Biology/2.36:_Asexual_vs._Sexual_Reproduction#:~:text=Summary%201%20Asexual%20reproduction%20involves%20one%20parent%20and,the%20type%20of%20cell%20division%20that%20produces%20gametes.

Youreka and iBiology (2017, November 8) Youreka and iBiology. Types of Reproduction: Sexual Versus Asexual Reproduction. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f0x7OPbwBZY

2)  T. M     Re: Topic 4 DQ 1

Hello class asexual and sexual production have some similarities and differences.  The greatest common outcome is a new organism.  Asexual production involves only one parent, no need to seek and find the right parent, it is a solo job.  With this being said, you only need one parent and that parent produces the same identical organism.  There is sometimes a slight chance of genetic mutation that will cause change.  Asexual production can be found in eukaryotic cells like Amoeba and prokaryotic cells like bacteria.  The three modes of asexual production are fission, budding, and fragmentation.

Two parties are needed in sexual production.  Two be-specific gametes, one sperm, and one ovum are needed.  With two separate gametes involved in sexual production, the new organism is not identical to the parents but brings diversity.  This explains why each child with the same parents can look totally different, due to each gamete having it’s own genetic make up.  Another point to keep in mind is that asexual production is fast and does not require much energy.  In sexual production some animals do certain rituals to find the best mate, some animals have to sit on their eggs for a great amount of time, humans carry a child for ten months and elephants take up to two years to carry their child.  Sexual production is definitely time-consuming from start to finish.

Reference

Udayangani, S.(2017, September 11). Difference Between Sexual and Asexual Reproduction. Difference Between Sexual and Asexual Reproduction | Compare the Difference Between Similar Terms

3) A.B       Re: Topic 4 DQ 1

class,

The difference between a cellular process, asexual and sexual reproduction is that in Asexual reproduction this requires one parent to produces an offspring that are genetically identical to each other and to the parent. Sexual reproduction involves two parents and produces offspring that are genetically unique. Cellular processes are the energy require during both asexual and sexual reproductive stages. Therefore, during the sexual reproduction, two haploid gametes join in the process of fertilization to produce a diploid zygote. The meiosis is the type of cell division that produces gametes. So, the cellular process is usually the energy which is provided in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) which carrier the energy produced primarily via oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria, hence the reason these organelles are often referred to as the power plants of the cell.

4) A.W    Re: Topic 4 DQ 1

Asexual and sexual reproduction are both very different. In asexual reproduction the organism makes an exact copy of itself that is birthed to create a one of its species. It is in essence cloning itself. The process the cells go through is called mitosis which are cells use to reproduce in our bodies.Over generations there can mutations or other changes that cause the DNA to change. This can cause problems since bad DNA can be passed down repeatedly and a disease can wipe out a whole family. This is why inbreeding in animals does not end up well. Sexual reproduction is how humans reproduce. Sex cells go under the process called meiosis that cause the cell to split and half the chromones goes to one daughter cell and half to another. These sex cells interact with a mate of the same species during sex and create an offspring with half chromosomes from mother and half chromosomes from father(Miller & Levine, 2003). By sharing chromosomes from two different sources causes more variations in a species that can help them to survive and evolve.

Miller, K. R., & Levine, J. S. (2003). Prentice Hall biology: New York State. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

DQ2

1) A.B.       Re: Topic 4 DQ 2

Class,

If a person is a carrier it means he has the faulty gene only one locus while the other allele is healthy so will be followed for the gametes. Half of his gametes will carry the healthy allele and another half will carry the defective. thus, there is a fifty percent chance his offspring will carry the trait as well. however, the trait progresses to lethality only in the late reproductive stage it is by the time passed on to the next generations as offspring’s and therefore has persisted in the population.

Therefore, a disease such as Huntington’s chorea is a devastating human genetic disease. As researchers found that People who inherit this genetic disease have an abnormal dominant allele that disrupts the function of their nerve cells, slowly eroding their control over their bodies and minds and ultimately leading to death.

Huntington’s disease: Symptoms, treatment. (2014, January 9). Retrieved from https://www.webmd.com/brain/hungtingtons-disease-causes-symptoms-treatment#1

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